最新刊期
卷 41 ， 期 7 ， 2026
- 摘要：Ordered lyotropic liquid crystals provide an effective structural platform for constructing continuous ion-transport channels. In this work， a lyotropic liquid-crystalline ion conductor was constructed using the polymerizable zwitterionic amphiphile SB11-1MA and aqueous LiCl solution as the model system， and its room-temperature phase behavior， structural parameters， and ion-transport properties were systematically investigated. Polarized optical microscopy（POM） and small-angle X-ray scattering（SAXS） results demonstrate that the system can self-assemble into an ordered normal hexagonal columnar phase（H1） within a certain composition range. Phase-behavior analysis shows that the introduction of LiCl changes the composition window of the H1 phase， shifting the hexagonal columnar phase region toward lower SB11-1MA contents. Further SAXS analysis reveals that the lattice parameter varies systematically with the SB11-1MA content and the concentration of the aqueous LiCl solution， indicating that the size of the hydrophilic domains and the molecular packing state can be regulated by adjusting the system composition. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） measurements show that the liquid-crystalline ion conductor exhibits good room-temperature ionic conductivity， with a maximum value of 1.1×10-3 S·cm-1. The conductivity variation among samples with different compositions indicates that ion transport is not simply determined by salt content or channel size， but is synergistically regulated by carrier concentration， hydrophilic-domain volume fraction， and the ordered liquid-crystalline structure. These results provide experimental evidence for the structural design and performance optimization of ordered liquid-crystalline ion conductors.关键词：Lyotropic liquid crystal;zwitterionic amphiphile;ion transport;normal hexagonal phase136|226|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：The efficient silica coating of quantum dots（QDs） has long been hindered by the fluorescence quenching problem caused by traditional surfactants. The fundamental reason lies in the competitive adsorption of the hydrophobic chains of surfactants and the surface ligands of QDs， resulting in ligand detachment and the formation of surface defect states. This paper proposes a “soap-free” reverse microemulsion method（Surfactant-Free Reverse Microemulsion， SFRM）， completely eliminating traditional amphiphilic surfactants and using isopropanol/ethylene glycol as dual cosolvents to form a stable interface film at the oil-water interface. A nano-reactor without traditional amphiphilic surfactants is constructed， successfully achieving efficient silica coating of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Systematic studies show that the photoluminescence quantum yield（PLQY） of QD@SiO2 composites remains at 78.7%~80.6% （average 79.6±0.78%）， which is much higher than 26% of the traditional Triton X-100 method. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） shows that the thickness of the SiO2 shell layer is uniform（14.7 nm） and the particle dispersion is excellent. Based on the initial power（1.0 mW at t=0）， the green light power retention rate after 250 h anti-blue light aging test is 93%， significantly better than 55% of the traditional method. This study clarifies the formation mechanism of the nano-reactor without traditional amphiphilic surfactants from the perspective of interface thermodynamics and kinetics， and the protection mechanism of the optical properties of quantum dots. It provides a new path for the controllable synthesis of high-brightness and long-life quantum dot composite materials.关键词：quantum dots;silica coating;surfactant;reverse microemulsion method;fluorescence stability;core-shell structure92|157|0更新时间：2026-09-12
Material Physics
- 摘要：Overdriving technology（OD） accelerates the response of liquid crystal（LC） devices but frequently induces significant optical bounce（OB）. Based on the Ericksen-Leslie continuum theory， this paper establishes a finite-difference model and reveals that the physical origin of OB lies in the asynchronous relaxation of LC directors within the confined space. By simulating the spatial distributions of director tilt angle and angular velocity， it is found that the interlayer angular velocity difference induced by overdrive is the microscopic source triggering OB. Focusing on the cell gap （5~15 µm） as a key geometric parameter， this paper reveals the evolutionary laws of asynchronous relaxation constrained by cell gap and its regulatory mechanism on the asymmetric OB characteristics under overdrive modes. The simulated and experimental results exhibit consistent trends. The results demonstrate that， under a constant overdrive voltage difference， overshoot and undershoot driving exhibit opposite relaxation trends： during undershoot driving， the elastic restoring force decays quadratically with cell gap， making it difficult for thicker cells to suppress interlayer asynchronous relaxation； the bounce depth ratio（BDR） increases from approximately 2% at 5 µm to over 20% at 15 µm. During overshoot driving， the internal electric field attenuates linearly with cell gap， weakening the interlayer angular velocity difference at its source； the BDR decreases from 15.7% to below 4%. After eliminating the interference of driving field attenuation through constant electric field control experiments and constant average tilt-angle simulations， the BDR for both modes increases monotonically with cell gap. From the perspective of asynchronous relaxation， this study clarifies the dominant role of cell gap in governing asymmetric OB， providing a theoretical basis for the dimensional optimization of high-speed LC devices.关键词：overdrive technology;optical bounce;angular velocity difference;asynchronous relaxation146|234|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：Owing to their unique physical properties， liquid crystals have evolved into an important category of optical modulation devices， and Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal（DDLC） serves as a critical technical route to achieve electrically tunable light intensity modulation. To tackle the lack of quantitative theoretical correlation between optical rotation and the coupling effect of dye anisotropic absorption in Twisted Nematic（TN） DDLC devices， this work established a complex Jones matrix theoretical model for TN liquid crystals with absorption losses， derived an analytical formula of dark-state transmittance for the light-modulating structure of single-layer TN cells integrated with a polarizer（TN+P）， and systematically investigated how twist angles， liquid crystal cell gaps， dye absorption coefficients and birefringence modulate devices’ optical performance. A closed-loop verification integrating theoretical calculation， Techwiz LCD 1D optical simulation and sample fabrication was carried out using commercial positive DDLC mixtures as the core functional material. Theoretical calculations revealed that twisted liquid crystal structures alter polarization evolution along the optical path， break the matching conditions for efficient dye absorption and thus induce dark-state light leakage， while high-birefringence materials enhance optical rotation and boost light absorption efficiency. The software simulations and contrast ratio viewing angle distributions further confirmed that twist angles increase dark-state transmittance and degrade device performance. Samples with cell gaps of 5， 8， 10 μm and twist angles ranging from 0° to 360° were experimentally fabricated. The measured results demonstrated that the TN+P device with a 10 μm cell gap and a 0° twist angle achieves optimal light-shielding performance with a dark-state transmittance as low as 1.03%； all 8 μm devices exhibit millisecond-scale fall times， and the 90° twisted structure exhibited the slowest fall time dominated by the twist elastic torque. This study refines the quantitative optical analysis system for twisted DDLC， providing a complete theoretical basis and experimental support for the structural design of DDLC-based smart windows and optical shutters with excellent light-shielding performance and continuous electrical tunability.关键词：dye-doped liquid crystal;twisted nematic;complex Jones matrix;transmittance modulation;optical simulation143|92|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：Residual stress in optical glass induces stress-induced birefringence， resulting in phase retardation of polarized light. The phase retardation is an important parameter for quantitative residual stress characterization. To address the instability of phase determination in conventional polarization phase retrieval methods over a large phase retardation range， a polarization imaging measurement method for optical glass residual stress based on liquid crystal device phase compensation is proposed. A liquid crystal device is introduced into the polarization optical path， and the compensation phase is continuously adjusted by the driving voltage to achieve phase matching between the liquid crystal compensation and the phase retardation of the tested optical glass. The difference between the image grayscale and the background grayscale is used as the evaluation metric， and the optimal compensation state is determined by minimizing the grayscale difference， thereby the phase retardation of the optical glass is obtained. The residual stress is then determined based on the stress-optic law. Experimental results show that the optimal compensation state is achieved at a driving voltage of 3.8 V， corresponding to a residual stress of 36.235 nm/cm. Compared with the result obtained using the standard polarization phase retrieval method （34.128 nm/cm）， the proposed method exhibits a relative deviation of 6.17%， indicating good consistency between the two results and validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.关键词：optical glass;residual stress;phase retardation;liquid crystal device;phase compensation;polarization imaging126|164|0更新时间：2026-09-12
Device Physics and Device Preparation
- 摘要：To eliminate geometric distortion on self-luminous curved screens caused by physical curvature， this paper proposes an adaptive segmented distortion-free 3D rendering and display method for curved screens based on perspective transformation， enabling viewers to see the rendered scene identically to directly viewing the 3D scene without the screen.The curved screen is approximated as multiple planar segments. Using perspective transformation and the known viewpoint， the object-image relationship is reversed， and the perspective matrix computes images on each segment. Adaptive partitioning minimizes the 2D mean square error between the curve and fitted polyline via the Adam algorithm. Stitching boundaries are smoothed with overlapping regions Δw and linear interpolation. Blender 4.0 simulations show the proposed method achieves a PSNR of 13.23 dB， which is 5.58 dB higher than direct rendering （7.65 dB）， exceeding the 12 dB distortion threshold. Using m=30 planar segments balances high PSNR and computational cost. This method significantly reduces distortion on curved screens and applies to large outdoor curved LEDs and flexible consumer electronics， offering a feasible path for glasses-free 3D on curved displays.关键词：3D rendering;curved screen;distortion-free display;perspective transformation;region partition237|161|0更新时间：2026-09-12
Display Technology and Applications
- 摘要：Morphological parameters such as the diameter and bifurcation of retinal blood vessels serve as important references for clinical diagnosis， and accurate segmentation of microvessels is essential for the early diagnosis of related diseases. Existing segmentation methods often suffer from blurred edges， fractured topological structures， and inadequate fusion of thick and thin vessel features in microvessel detection.To address these issues， this paper proposes a dual-branch segmentation network. We adopt IterMiUnet as the coarse segmentation branch to extract global vascular features， and introduce Haar wavelet prior to enhance the frequency-domain representation and edge details of microvessels. Since coarse segmentation struggles to identify weak boundaries and fractured vessels accurately， we take uncertain pixels from coarse segmentation probability as prior guidance， enabling the fine segmentation model to focus on these challenging regions and boost segmentation precision.A dual-scale probability encoding fusion mechanism combined with temperature scaling and background suppression is also constructed. The outputs of coarse segmentation are optimized using fine segmentation results to realize adaptive fusion and reduce background interference. Experiments on DRIVE， CHASE_DB1 and STARE datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms mainstream methods， with F1 scores of 0.825 7， 0.836 0 and 0.835 7 respectively. It achieves stable and reliable performance， and can effectively capture microvascular details while maintaining the topological integrity of blood vessels.关键词：computer vision;deep learning;image segmentation;retinal blood vessels;wavelet115|168|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：To address the problems of local texture and edge-detail loss， limited receptive fields in the convolution branch， and insufficient use of cross-layer structural information in the graph branch for hyperspectral image classification， this paper proposes a CNN-GCN joint classification model with high-low frequency enhancement and cross-layer graph convolution aggregation. The model improves input representation through high-low frequency residual enhancement， extracts multi-scale spectral-spatial features using a multi-stage dynamic convolution encoder， enhances regional structural modeling by cross-layer weighted aggregation in the graph branch， and performs collaborative modeling through cross-branch attention fusion. Experiments on three public datasets， Indian Pines， Pavia University， and Salinas， achieve overall accuracies of 92.94%， 95.11%， and 97.50%， with corresponding Kappa coefficients of 91.94%， 93.50%， and 97.22%， respectively. The results show that the proposed method can effectively integrate local details， spatial context， and regional topological structure information， achieving competitive classification performance across different types of hyperspectral classification scenes.关键词：Hyperspectral image classification;spectral-spatial joint features;graph convolution network;attention fusion316|374|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：According to the characteristics of infrared dim small target image， such as low signal strength， small size， susceptible to noise interference and complex background clutter， this paper proposes a new infrared dim and small target detection method based on the combination of a new morphological Top-hat operator and wavelet transform. Firstly， the improved morphological filtering was used to suppress the background of the infrared image， so as to reduce the interference of clouds， ground cover fluctuation and local strong clutter on target detection. Secondly， the preprocessed image was decomposed by wavelet， and the low frequency component was used for background suppression and target enhancement by using the Local Gradient and Local Intensity algorithm. At the same time， the three high frequency components were accumulated to further enhance the feature information of the target point. Finally， the infrared dim and small target was extracted by adaptive threshold segmentation method. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the optimal Signal-to-Clutter Ratio Gain（SCRG）， second only to the PTCTV algorithm in the Background Suppression Factor（BSF）， and the overall performance is better than other comparison methods. Among them， SCRG and BSF on Seq6 are 14.16 and 82.49， respectively. In the ROC curve， the detection rate of the proposed method in Seq3， Seq5 and Seq6 is more than 95%， which fully verifies that the algorithm can effectively suppress background and noise in complex scenes， and has strong stability and robustness.关键词：infrared small target detection;background suppression;wavelet transform;local intensity and gradient;adaptive threshold segmentation106|68|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：For space early warning and space target surveillance systems， aiming to effectively detect various space debris and other small-size， weak-signal celestial targets， this paper proposes a target detection and tracking algorithm based on improved YOLO26 to address the challenges in deep space environments such as noise interference， faint target features and discontinuous trajectories. Firstly， an image sub-region self-perception enhancement module is deployed to enhance the visual clarity of dim and dark targets via local contrast optimization and edge preservation mechanism. Secondly， the YOLO26 detection network is lightweighted， and an improved multi-scale attention module GCEMA is introduced to strengthen the detection capability for dim and small targets. Finally， combined with the OCSort tracking algorithm and the appearance re-identification model CosmicReID， multi-target cataloging and stable tracking are realized. Experimental results show that compared with the original YOLO26 network and OCSort algorithm， the improved network has fewer parameters and faster inference speed， with the detection speed increased by 11.9%； the tracking accuracy of the integrated system is improved by 6.2%， and the frequency of target identity switching is reduced by 48.5%. The proposed method meets the requirements on detection accuracy and tracking accuracy of automatic tracking and measurement systems.关键词：multi-target tracking;image processing;object detection;data association149|239|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：To address the problem of missed detections and false positives in UAV aerial imagery caused by densely distributed small objects， small sizes， and complex backgrounds， this paper proposes an improved MCF-YOLO object detection algorithm based on YOLOv11n. First， a Multi-scale Feature Enhancement（MSFE） module is designed to enhance feature representation of small targets through high-resolution preservation， convolutional layer deepening， and residual connections. Second， a Contextual Anchor Attention（CAA） mechanism is integrated into the C3k2 module， leveraging horizontal and vertical separable convolutions to capture long-range spatial dependencies， thereby improving global contextual awareness and mitigating background interference and occlusion issues. Furthermore， the Focaler-DIoU loss function is employed to optimize the bounding box regression process through a dynamic sample weight adjustment mechanism， enhancing localization accuracy for small objects while reducing false positives and missed detections. Tests conducted on the VisDrone2019 dataset show that our method brings substantial performance enhancements relative to YOLOv11n， with increases of 6.7% in precision， 3.1% in recall， 5.6% in mAP@0.5， and 3.9% in mAP@0.5：0.95， outperforming other mainstream approaches. Additional cross-dataset validation on VEDAI and DOTA datasets shows mAP@0.5 improvements of 1.2% and 1.3% respectively， confirming the method’s effectiveness and strong adaptability across various scenarios.关键词：deep learning;unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV）;small object detection;YOLOv11n;feature enhancement161|196|0更新时间：2026-09-12
- 摘要：Four major limitations exist when the conventional Hungarian algorithm is applied to space target detection in star images， including the lack of motion prediction， redundant global searching， single matching feature， and poor adaptability of fixed weights. In complex scenarios with coexisting high-speed and low-speed targets， densely distributed and closely approaching targets， dynamically varying target sizes， and low signal-to-noise ratios， the above drawbacks significantly degrade tracking accuracy and identity consistency. An improved Hungarian matching algorithm based on progressive multi-feature optimization is proposed. Firstly， a Kalman filter is introduced to predict the position and velocity of space targets， and predicted coordinates are adopted to construct matching costs instead of static observations. Secondly， a Mahalanobis distance gating mechanism is established using the covariance matrix derived from Kalman prediction， which constrains the matching search range from the global image to the local region within the predicted ellipsoid and reduces computational redundancy. Thirdly， a dynamic multi-feature weighting strategy is designed to adaptively adjust the cost contribution of position， area and aspect ratio according to their real-time reliability. Furthermore， an anomaly penalty term is added to impose extra costs on matching pairs with abrupt changes in area or aspect ratio to suppress false associations. Comparative experiments are carried out on five types of simulated star image scenes. The experimental results show that the average MOTA of the proposed algorithm reaches 88.3%， which is 5.9 percentage points higher than the conventional Hungarian algorithm， and 23.7 and 6.0 percentage points higher than PPMHT and the nearest neighbor method， respectively. Its average IDF1 is 65.8%， 9.5 percentage points higher than that of the conventional Hungarian algorithm. The average IDS is only 1.6， which are 2.3 and 3.6 times lower than the conventional Hungarian algorithm and the nearest neighbor method， respectively. The average processing time per frame is 41.2 ms， which meets the real-time operation requirements. Ablation experiments verify that the Kalman prediction module， Mahalanobis distance gating， dynamic weighting and anomaly penalty bring MOTA gains of 8.8， 6.5， 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points， respectively. The proposed four-module progressive optimization framework achieves an effective balance among tracking accuracy， identity consistency and computational efficiency， and provides a reliable solution for inter-frame association of space targets in star images.关键词：star image space target detection;hungarian algorithm;multi-feature optimization;Kalman filter;mahalanobis distance gating;dynamic weight96|156|0更新时间：2026-09-12
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Image Processing
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