Mechanism and performance of twisted dye liquid crystal dimming devices based on complex Jones matrix

LI Shuang; YONG Jiali; QIU Zihao; MA Hongmei; SUN Yubao

doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0117

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Mechanism and performance of twisted dye liquid crystal dimming devices based on complex Jones matrix

Device Physics and Device Preparation | 更新时间：2026-09-12

- Mechanism and performance of twisted dye liquid crystal dimming devices based on complex Jones matrix
- Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays Vol. 41, Issue 7, Pages: 952-961(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  河北工业大学理学院，天津 300401
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(F2022202017)
- DOI：10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0117
  CLC： O753.2
- CSTR：32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0117
- Received：05 June 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-15，
  
  Published：06 July 2026
- 稿件说明：
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LI Shuang, YONG Jiali, QIU Zihao, et al. Mechanism and performance of twisted dye liquid crystal dimming devices based on complex Jones matrix[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(7): 952-961.
DOI：

LI Shuang, YONG Jiali, QIU Zihao, et al. Mechanism and performance of twisted dye liquid crystal dimming devices based on complex Jones matrix[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(7): 952-961. DOI： 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0117. CSTR： 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0117.

摘要

液晶凭借独特的物理特性已发展成一类重要的光学调控器件，而染料掺杂液晶（Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal， DDLC）是实现电控光强调制的重要技术路线之一。针对扭曲向列相（Twisted Nematic， TN）染料液晶器件中旋光效应与染料各向异性吸收耦合作用间缺乏定量理论关联的问题，本文构建含吸收损耗的TN型液晶复琼斯矩阵理论模型，建立单层TN搭配偏振片（TN+P）调光结构的暗态透过率解析公式，系统探究扭曲角、液晶盒厚、染料吸收系数以及双折射对器件光学性能的调控规律。以商用正性染料掺杂液晶为核心材料，结合Techwiz LCD 1D光学仿真与样品实验制备，完成理论、仿真、实验闭环验证。理论计算结果表明，液晶扭曲结构会改变光偏振沿光程的演化，破坏染料高效吸收匹配条件，造成暗态漏光；而高双折射材料会加强旋光效应，增强光吸收效率。软件模拟结果和对比度视角进一步印证扭曲角的引入会提高暗态透过率，降低器件性能。实验制备了盒厚分别为5 μm、8 μm、10 μm，扭曲角0°~360°的不同样品，实测结果显示，盒厚10 μm、扭曲角为0°时器件暗态透过率低至1.03%，遮光性能最优；8 μm器件的响应时间均在50 ms内，90°结构借助扭曲弹性复位，下降过程最慢。本文完善了扭曲染料液晶的光学定量分析体系，为高遮光、电控连续可调染料液晶智能窗、光阀器件的结构设计提供完整理论依据与实验支撑。

Abstract

Owing to their unique physical properties， liquid crystals have evolved into an important category of optical modulation devices， and Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal（DDLC） serves as a critical technical route to achieve electrically tunable light intensity modulation. To tackle the lack of quantitative theoretical correlation between optical rotation and the coupling effect of dye anisotropic absorption in Twisted Nematic（TN） DDLC devices， this work established a complex Jones matrix theoretical model for TN liquid crystals with absorption losses， derived an analytical formula of dark-state transmittance for the light-modulating structure of single-layer TN cells integrated with a polarizer（TN+P）， and systematically investigated how twist angles， liquid crystal cell gaps， dye absorption coefficients and birefringence modulate devices’ optical performance. A closed-loop verification integrating theoretical calculation， Techwiz LCD 1D optical simulation and sample fabrication was carried out using commercial positive DDLC mixtures as the core functional material. Theoretical calculations revealed that twisted liquid crystal structures alter polarization evolution along the optical path， break the matching conditions for efficient dye absorption and thus induce dark-state light leakage， while high-birefringence materials enhance optical rotation and boost light absorption efficiency. The software simulations and contrast ratio viewing angle distributions further confirmed that twist angles increase dark-state transmittance and degrade device performance. Samples with cell gaps of 5， 8， 10 μm and twist angles ranging from 0° to 360° were experimentally fabricated. The measured results demonstrated that the TN+P device with a 10 μm cell gap and a 0° twist angle achieves optimal light-shielding performance with a dark-state transmittance as low as 1.03%； all 8 μm devices exhibit millisecond-scale fall times， and the 90° twisted structure exhibited the slowest fall time dominated by the twist elastic torque. This study refines the quantitative optical analysis system for twisted DDLC， providing a complete theoretical basis and experimental support for the structural design of DDLC-based smart windows and optical shutters with excellent light-shielding performance and continuous electrical tunability.

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