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1.广西高校先进制造与自动化技术重点实验室(桂林理工大学), 广西 桂林 541006
2.桂林理工大学 机械与控制工程学院, 广西 桂林 541006
Received:15 April 2026,
Revised:2026-05-16,
Published:06 July 2026
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LU Yongyu, CHEN Mingxia, LU Junliang, et al. UAV aerial images object detection algorithm based on YOLOv11n[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(7): 1039-1052.
LU Yongyu, CHEN Mingxia, LU Junliang, et al. UAV aerial images object detection algorithm based on YOLOv11n[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(7): 1039-1052. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0061. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0061.
针对无人机航拍图像中小目标密集且尺寸小、背景复杂而导致的漏检与误检问题,本文提出基于YOLOv11n的改进MCF-YOLO检测算法。首先,设计了一个小目标特征增强模块MSFE,通过保留高分辨率、加深卷积层并引入残差连接,增强小目标特征表达;其次,在C3k2模块中引入上下文锚点注意力(CAA),利用水平-垂直分离卷积捕获长距离空间依赖,提升全局上下文感知能力,解决背景干扰与目标遮挡问题;最后,采用Focaler-DIoU损失函数,通过引入动态样本权重调节机制,优化边界框回归过程,从而提高小目标定位精度并减少误检和漏检现象。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在VisDrone2019数据集上相比基础YOLOv11n模型,准确率、召回率,mAP@0.5和mAP@0.5:0.95分别提升了6.7%、3.1%、5.6%和3.9%,显著优于其他主流方法。此外,在VEDAI与DOTA数据集上的泛化性测试中,模型的mAP@0.5分别提升了1.2%和1.3%,证明了所提方法在不同场景下的有效性和良好的适应能力。
To address the problem of missed detections and false positives in UAV aerial imagery caused by densely distributed small objects, small sizes, and complex backgrounds, this paper proposes an improved MCF-YOLO object detection algorithm based on YOLOv11n. First, a Multi-scale Feature Enhancement(MSFE) module is designed to enhance feature representation of small targets through high-resolution preservation, convolutional layer deepening, and residual connections. Second, a Contextual Anchor Attention(CAA) mechanism is integrated into the C3k2 module, leveraging horizontal and vertical separable convolutions to capture long-range spatial dependencies, thereby improving global contextual awareness and mitigating background interference and occlusion issues. Furthermore, the Focaler-DIoU loss function is employed to optimize the bounding box regression process through a dynamic sample weight adjustment mechanism, enhancing localization accuracy for small objects while reducing false positives and missed detections. Tests conducted on the VisDrone2019 dataset show that our method brings substantial performance enhancements relative to YOLOv11n, with increases of 6.7% in precision, 3.1% in recall, 5.6% in mAP@0.5, and 3.9% in mAP@0.5:0.95, outperforming other mainstream approaches. Additional cross-dataset validation on VEDAI and DOTA datasets shows mAP@0.5 improvements of 1.2% and 1.3% respectively, confirming the method’s effectiveness and strong adaptability across various scenarios.
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