“The formation of electric convection patterns in liquid crystals, as a key issue in optical diffraction research, has recently achieved new breakthroughs. The research team explored the pattern formation and diffraction characteristics in negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystals, observed four unique patterns, and delved into the effects of factors such as temperature and electric field on the patterns. Experiments have shown that by adjusting the electric field and temperature, the electric convection pattern can be flexibly controlled. This achievement provides new ideas for the development of tunable optical diffraction devices and is expected to promote further development in the field of liquid crystal optics applications.”