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重庆理工大学 机械工程学院, 重庆 400054
Received:29 April 2026,
Revised:2026-05-17,
Published:06 June 2026
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CHENG Yao, TANG Qingling, LIU Yunyang, et al. Vehicle measurement and recognition technology based on GGW-YOLOv8 in binocular vision[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(6): 878-893.
CHENG Yao, TANG Qingling, LIU Yunyang, et al. Vehicle measurement and recognition technology based on GGW-YOLOv8 in binocular vision[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(6): 878-893. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0075. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0075.
针对传统目标检测和测距技术存在测距传感器昂贵、复杂路段检测精度低、检测速率慢的问题,本文提出一种基于GGW-YOLOv8的车辆前车距离测量及目标识别技术。该算法对YOLOv8n进行改进,在中目标和大目标检测头前引入全局注意力机制(GAM),通过减少信息损失和放大全局交互提高模型对车辆目标的特征提取能力;在颈端网络引入GSConv轻量化卷积模块,通过深度可分离卷积和混洗操作减少模型参数量和计算量;用WIoU_v3损失函数替换原有的CIoU损失函数,通过非单调动态聚焦机制的梯度增益分配策略提升模型的泛化能力和网络边界框的回归精度;搭建基于SGBM半全局立体匹配算法的双目视觉测距系统进行车辆测距,开发融合车辆目标检测与测距的上位机系统,并将其移植部署到嵌入式边缘设备,开展实车搭载检测。实验结果表明,相较于YOLOv8n模型,本文改进模型参数量下降0.3M,计算量下降0.2G,在自制数据集和公共数据集上,检测精度分别提升0.8%和4.4%;在校内封闭路段,测距结果平均误差的绝对值为104 mm,平均相对误差为1.49%;在真实道路环境,平均误差的绝对值为307.4 mm,平均相对误差为3.29%,平均每帧耗时30.12 ms,可满足实际测距场景下的需求。
Aiming at the problems of expensive and complex distance measurement sensors, low detection accuracy in complex road sections, and slow detection efficiency in traditional target detection and distance measurement technologies, a vehicle front distance measurement and target recognition technology based on GGW-YOLOv8 is proposed. This algorithm improves YOLOv8n by introducing GAM global attention mechanism before medium target and large target detection head, and improves the feature extraction ability of vehicle target by reducing information loss and amplifying global interaction. The GSConv lightweight convolutional module is introduced in the neck end network to reduce the number of model parameters and the calculation amount by deep separable convolution and shuffle operation. The WIoU_v3 loss function is used to replace the CIoU loss function, and the generalization ability and regression accuracy of the network boundary box are improved by the gradient gain distribution strategy of non-monotone dynamic focusing mechanism. The binocular vision ranging system based on SGBM semi-global stereo matching algorithm was built for vehicle ranging, and the upper computer system integrating vehicle target detection and ranging was developed, which is further transplanted and deployed to the embedded edge device for real vehicle on-board detection. The experimental results show that compared with the YOLOv8n model, the improved model has a 0.3M reduction in the number of parameters and 0.2G reduction in the amount of computation, and achieves accuracy improvements of 0.8% and 4.4% on the self-made dataset and the public dataset, respectively. In the closed section of the school, the absolute value of the average error is 104 mm, and the average relative error is 1.49%; in the actual road environment, the absolute value of the average error is 307.4 mm, the average relative error is 3.29%, and the average time per frame is 30.12 ms, which can meet the needs of actual ranging scenarios.
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