Optimization and application of piezoelectric printing OLED

Jie ZHAO; Nan-hong CHEN; Jun-long CHEN; Mu-yun LI; Jin-yao ZHONG; Yue-xin YANG; Xiao FU; Ri-hui YAO; Hong-long NING; Jun-biao PENG

doi:10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0179

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Optimization and application of piezoelectric printing OLED

Display Technology and Applications | 更新时间：2021-09-30

- Optimization and application of piezoelectric printing OLED
- Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays Vol. 36, Issue 10, Pages: 1377-1387(2021)
- 作者机构：
  
  华南理工大学发光材料与器件国家重点实验室, 高分子光电材料与器件研究所, 广东广州 510641
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  This work was supported by Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B010183002);National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074059);National Natural Science Foundation of China(22090024);Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2019B030302007);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020ZYGXZR060);Research Project of Hundred Step Ladder Climbing Program of South China University of Technology(j2tw2021020001);Science and Technology Innovation and Cultivation Fund for Guangdong University Students in 2021(pdjh2021b0036);Ji Hua Laboratory Scientific Research Project(X190221TF191)
- DOI：10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0179
  CLC： TN383.1;TH879
- Received：06 July 2021，
  
  Revised：31 July 2021，
  
  Published：2021-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Jie ZHAO, Nan-hong CHEN, Jun-long CHEN, et al. Optimization and application of piezoelectric printing OLED[J]. Chinese journal of liquid crystals and displays, 2021, 36(10): 1377-1387.
DOI：

Jie ZHAO, Nan-hong CHEN, Jun-long CHEN, et al. Optimization and application of piezoelectric printing OLED[J]. Chinese journal of liquid crystals and displays, 2021, 36(10): 1377-1387. DOI： 10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0179.

摘要

有机电致发光显示器（OLED）因具备低功耗、自发光、高柔性、色彩丰富和响应速度快等优势，被认为是未来显示的发展方向。随着压电喷墨打印的无接触、液滴精准定位和大面积快速印制等技术的引入，使得大尺寸OLED的量产应用成为可能。印刷喷射过程中的液滴均匀性对高质量OLED功能层的形成起着至关重要的作用，为此，本文综述了压电印刷OLED性能优化方法，主要从脉冲波形的优化、控制系统的自修复和油墨的流变特性调控来进一步提升液滴喷射性能，并进一步列举了压电印刷OLED在显示与照明领域中的应用。

Abstract

Organic electroluminescent display (OLED) is considered to be the development direction of future display due to its advantages of low power consumption

self-luminescence

high flexibility

rich colors and fast response speed. With the introduction of technologies such as piezoelectric inkjet printing

such as non-contact

precise positioning of droplets

and large-area fast printing

mass production applications of large-size OLEDs have become possible. The uniformity of droplets in the printing and jetting process plays a vital role in the formation of high-quality OLED functional layers. For this reason

this paper reviews the performance optimization methods of piezoelectric printing OLED

mainly from the optimization of pulse waveform

self-healing control system and rheological characteristics of the ink to further improve the droplet injection performance

and further cited the application of piezoelectric printing OLED in the display and lighting fields.

关键词

Keywords

references

Y X HU , L TONG , X XIA , 等 . Novel phosphorescent iridium(iii) emitters for both vacuum-deposition and inkjet-printing of OLEDs with exceptionally high efficiency . Journal of Materials Chemistry C , 2019 . 7 ( 14 ): 4178 - 4184 . DOI: 10.1039/C9TC00441F http://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC00441F .

C F MADIGAN , C R HAUF , L D BARKLEY , 等 . Advancements in inkjet printing for OLED mass production . SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers , 2014 . 45 ( 1 ): 399 - 402 . DOI: 10.1002/j.2168-0159.2014.tb00108.x http://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-0159.2014.tb00108.x .

H L NING , S X ZHOU , W CAI , 等 . Fabrication of high-performance solution processed thin film transistors by introducing a buffer layer . Applied Surface Science , 2020 . 504 144360 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144360 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144360 .

Z N ZHU , J H ZHANG , H L NING , 等 . Binary solvent systems for piezoelectric printing crack-free PAM/ZrO x hybrid thin films through nanostructure modulation . Langmuir , 2021 . 37 ( 19 ): 5979 - 5985 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00500 http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00500 .

宁洪龙 , 朱镇南 , 蔡炜 , 等 . 喷墨打印中的界面润湿问题 . 材料导报 , 2019 . 33 ( 19 ): 3236 - 3241 . DOI: 10.11896/cldb.18090097 http://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.18090097 .

H L NING , Z N ZHU , W CAI , 等 . Interfacial wetting in inkjet printing . Materials Review , 2019 . 33 ( 19 ): 3236 - 3241 . DOI: 10.11896/cldb.18090097 http://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.18090097 .

J Q CHEN , L GAN , Z P PAN , 等 . A strategy toward realizing ultrashort channels and microstructures array by piezoelectric inkjet printing . Nanomaterials , 2019 . 9 ( 11 ): 1515 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111515 http://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111515 .

宁洪龙 , 陶瑞强 , 姚日晖 , 等 . 绿色柔性喷墨打印银纳米墨水研究综述 . 材料导报 , 2018 . 32 ( 17 ): 2959 - 2968 . DOI: 10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.009 http://doi.org/10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.009 .

H L NING , R Q TAO , R H YAO , 等 . A review on green and flexible silver nano-ink for inkjet printing . Materials Review , 2018 . 32 ( 17 ): 2959 - 2968 . DOI: 10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.009 http://doi.org/10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.17.009 .

R J CHESTERFEILD , A FENNIMORE , H HLAING , 等 . Solution printing for OLED televisions . SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers , 2016 . 47 ( 1 ): 491 - 493 . DOI: 10.1002/sdtp.10716 http://doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.10716 .

Y F SUN , X J LI , J J XIAO . A cascaded Mura defect detection method based on mean shift and level set algorithm for active-matrix OLED display panel . Journal of the Society for Information Display , 2019 . 27 ( 1 ): 13 - 20 . DOI: 10.1002/jsid.743 http://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.743 .

H L NING , R Q TAO , Z Q FANG , 等 . Direct patterning of silver electrodes with 2.4μm channel length by piezoelectric inkjet printing . Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , 2017 . 487 68 - 72 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.016 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.016 .

H L NING , J Q CHEN , Z Q FANG , 等 . Direct inkjet printing of silver source/drain electrodes on an amorphous InGaZnO layer for thin-film transistors . Materials , 2017 . 10 ( 1 ): 51 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010051 http://doi.org/10.3390/ma10010051 .

H L NING , P M DENG , C G YANG , 等 . Inkjet printing satellite-free silver electrodes array in a-IGZO TFTs by regulating piezoelectric waveforms . Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals , 2018 . 676 ( 1 ): 36 - 43 . DOI: 10.1080/15421406.2019.1595495 http://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2019.1595495 .

H Y LI , J K LIU , K LI , 等 . Piezoelectric micro-jet devices: a review . Sensors and Actuators A: Physical , 2019 . 297 111552 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2019.111552 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.111552 .

C AMRUTH , M Z SZYMAŃSKI , B ŁUSZCZYŃSKA , 等 . Inkjet printing of super yellow: ink formulation, film optimization, OLEDs fabrication, and transient electroluminescence . Scientific Reports , 2019 . 9 ( 1 ): 8493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44824-w http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44824-w .

C AMRUTH , B LUSZCZYNSKA , M Z SZYMANSKI , 等 . Inkjet printing of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dendrimer for OLEDs applications . Organic Electronics , 2019 . 74 218 - 227 . DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.07.011 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.07.011 .

X H CAO , Y YE , X LIU , 等 . Realization of uniform OLED pixels based on multi-nozzle by inkjet printing . SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers , 2021 . 52 ( S1 ): 395 - 397 . DOI: 10.1002/sdtp.14499 http://doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.14499 .

J Q CHANG , Y X LIU , H BO . Effects of dwell time of excitation waveform on meniscus movements for a tubular piezoelectric print-head: experiments and model . Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering , 2017 . 27 ( 7 ): 075023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/aa7040 http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/aa7040 .

S H KANG , S KIM , J W LIM , 等 . Study on fall velocity of continuously ejected micro inkjet droplet . Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology , 2020 . 34 ( 8 ): 3311 - 3315 . DOI: 10.1007/s12206-020-0723-1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0723-1 .

T JIAO , Q LIAN , T Z ZHAO , 等 . Influence of ink properties and voltage parameters on piezoelectric inkjet droplet formation . Applied Physics A , 2021 . 127 ( 1 ): 11 DOI: 10.1007/s00339-020-04151-8 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04151-8 .

H F WEI , X L XIAO , Z F YIN , 等 . A waveform design method for high DPI piezoelectric inkjet print-head based on numerical simulation . Microsystem Technologies , 2017 . 23 ( 12 ): 5365 - 5373 . DOI: 10.1007/s00542-017-3301-4 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-017-3301-4 .

S K WANG , Y H ZHONG , H S FANG . Deformation characteristics of a single droplet driven by a piezoelectric nozzle of the drop-on-demand inkjet system . Journal of Fluid Mechanics , 2019 . 869 634 - 645 . DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2019.242 http://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.242 .

M A SHAH , D G LEE , B Y LEE , 等 . Actuating voltage waveform optimization of piezoelectric inkjet printhead for suppression of residual vibrations . Micromachines , 2020 . 11 ( 10 ): 900 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100900 http://doi.org/10.3390/mi11100900 .

A B AQEEL , M MOHASAN , P Y LV , 等 . Effects of the actuation waveform on the drop size reduction in drop-on-demand inkjet printing . Acta Mechanica Sinica , 2020 . 36 ( 5 ): 983 - 989 . DOI: 10.1007/s10409-020-00991-y http://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-00991-y .

M BALE , J C CARTER , C J CREIGHTON , 等 . Ink-jet printing: the route to production of full-color P-OLED displays . Journal of the Society for Information Display , 2006 . 14 ( 5 ): 453 - 459 . DOI: 10.1889/1.2206109 http://doi.org/10.1889/1.2206109 .

S BRUNER , D XU , C PHILLIPS . Drop landing accuracy improvements in inkjet printed OLED displays . SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers , 2007 . 38 ( 1 ): 1611 - 1612 . DOI: 10.1889/1.2785628 http://doi.org/10.1889/1.2785628 .

A A KHALATE , X BOMBOIS , R BABUŠKA , 等 . Performance improvement of a drop-on-demand inkjet printhead using an optimization-based feedforward control method . Control Engineering Practice , 2011 . 19 ( 8 ): 771 - 781 . DOI: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2011.02.007 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2011.02.007 .

A A KHALATE , X BOMBOIS , G SCORLETTI , 等 . A waveform design method for a piezo inkjet printhead based on robust feedforward control . Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems , 2012 . 21 ( 6 ): 1365 - 1374 . DOI: 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2205899 http://doi.org/10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2205899 .

EZZELDIN M, WEILAND S, VAN DEN BOSCH P P J. Improving the printing quality of an inkjet printhead using MIMO model predictive control[C]// Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications . Denver: IEEE, 2011: 382-387.

H Y CHEN , J W LIANG . Piezoelectric-actuated drop-on-demand droplet generator control using adaptive wavelet neural network controller . Journal of Process Control , 2014 . 24 ( 5 ): 578 - 585 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2014.03.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2014.03.003 .

H W ZHAN , F XU , Z J NI . Fluid dynamic modeling and fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative-based ink-supply method for piezoelectric ink-jet printing . Advances in Mechanical Engineering , 2017 . 9 ( 7 ): 1 - 17 . http://gooa.las.ac.cn/external/download/1425650/5954376/10.1177_1687814017718981.pdf http://gooa.las.ac.cn/external/download/1425650/5954376/10.1177_1687814017718981.pdf .

J J WANG , J HUANG , J PENG , 等 . Piezoelectric print-head drive-waveform optimization method based on self-sensing . Sensors and Actuators A: Physical , 2019 . 299 111617 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2019.111617 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.111617 .

B DERBY . Inkjet printing ceramics: from drops to solid . Journal of the European Ceramic Society , 2011 . 31 ( 14 ): 2543 - 2550 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.01.016 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.01.016 .

L ZHOU , L YANG , M J YU , 等 . Inkjet-printed small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes: halogen-free inks, printing optimization, and large-area patterning . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces , 2017 . 9 ( 46 ): 40533 - 40540 . http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000040103432710_2e20.html http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000040103432710_2e20.html .

T LIN , X SUN , Y X HU , 等 . Blended host ink for solution processing high performance phosphorescent OLEDs . Scientific Reports , 2019 . 9 ( 1 ): 6845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43359-4 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43359-4 .

S OLIVIER , E ISHOW , S M DELLA-GATTA , 等 . Inkjet deposition of a hole-transporting small molecule to realize a hybrid solution-evaporation green top-emitting OLED . Organic Electronics , 2017 . 49 24 - 32 . DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.06.017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2017.06.017 .

J R CASTREJÓN-PITA , G D MARTIN , S D HOATH , 等 . A simple large-scale droplet generator for studies of inkjet printing . Review of Scientific Instruments , 2008 . 79 ( 7 ): 075108 DOI: 10.1063/1.2957744 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2957744 .

J YUS , Z GONZALEZ , A J SANCHEZ-HERENCIA , 等 . Semiconductor water-based inks: miniaturized NiO pseudocapacitor electrodes by inkjet printing . Journal of the European Ceramic Society , 2019 . 39 ( 9 ): 2908 - 2914 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.03.020 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.03.020 .

S H KANG , S KIM , D K SOHN , 等 . Analysis of drop-on-demand piezo inkjet performance . Physics of Fluids , 2020 . 32 ( 2 ): 022007 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142023 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.5142023 .

刘迪萱 , 钟锦耀 , 唐彪 , 等 . 柔性与印刷OLED研究进展 . 液晶与显示 , 2021 . 36 ( 2 ): 217 - 228 . DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2020-0232 http://doi.org/10.37188/CJLCD.2020-0232 .

D X LIU , J Y ZHONG , B TANG , 等 . Research progress of flexible and printed OLED . Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays , 2021 . 36 ( 2 ): 217 - 228 . DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2020-0232 http://doi.org/10.37188/CJLCD.2020-0232 .

文宏福 , 钟锦耀 , 符晓 , 等 . 印刷OLED/QLED材料研究进展 . 数字印刷 , 2021 . ( 1 ): 1 - 11 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZYS202101001.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZYS202101001.htm .

H F WEN , J Y ZHONG , X FU , 等 . Research progress of materials for printed OLED and QLED . Digital Printing , 2021 . ( 1 ): 1 - 11 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZYS202101001.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZYS202101001.htm .

T SONOYAMA , M ITO , S SEKI , 等 . Ink-jet-printable phosphorescent organic light-emitting-diode devices . Journal of the Society for Information Display , 2008 . 16 ( 12 ): 1229 - 1236 . DOI: 10.1889/JSID16.12.1229 http://doi.org/10.1889/JSID16.12.1229 .

S H JUNG , J J KIM , H J KIM . High performance inkjet printed phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes based on small molecules commonly used in vacuum processes . Thin Solid Films , 2012 . 520 ( 23 ): 6954 - 6958 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.07.084 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.07.084 .

H ZHENG , Y N ZHENG , N L LIU , 等 . All-solution processed polymer light-emitting diode displays . Nature Communications , 2013 . 4 1971 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2971 http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2971 .

A VERMA , D M ZINK , C FLÉCHON , 等 . Efficient, inkjet-printed TADF-OLEDs with an ultra-soluble NHetPHOS complex . Applied Physics A , 2016 . 122 ( 3 ): 191 DOI: 10.1007/s00339-016-9726-2 http://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9726-2 .

J H WANG , C SONG , Z M ZHONG , 等 . In situ patterning of microgrooves via inkjet etching for a solution-processed OLED display . Journal of Materials Chemistry C , 2017 . 5 ( 20 ): 5005 - 5009 . DOI: 10.1039/C7TC01330B http://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC01330B .

M MIZUKAMI , S I CHO , K WATANABE , 等 . Flexible organic light-emitting diode displays driven by inkjet-printed high-mobility organic thin-film transistors . IEEE Electron Device Letters , 2018 . 39 ( 1 ): 39 - 42 . DOI: 10.1109/LED.2017.2776296 http://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2017.2776296 .

R BAIL , J Y HONG , B D CHIN . Inkjet printing of blue phosphorescent light-emitting layer based on bis(3, 5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)) diphenylsilane . RSC Advances , 2018 . 8 ( 20 ): 11191 - 11197 . DOI: 10.1039/C8RA00582F http://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA00582F .

D J ZHAO , W HUANG , L W DONG , 等 . 5.5 inch full screen flexible high-resolution OLED display fabricated by ink jet printing method . SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers , 2019 . 50 ( 1 ): 945 - 948 . DOI: 10.1002/sdtp.13081 http://doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.13081 .

Y J KANG , R BAIL , C W LEE , 等 . Inkjet printing of mixed-host emitting layer for electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes . ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces , 2019 . 11 ( 24 ): 21784 - 21794 . http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b04675 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b04675 .

X J ZHENG , Y LIU , Y B ZHU , 等 . Efficient inkjet-printed blue OLED with boosted charge transport using host doping for application in pixelated display . Optical Materials , 2020 . 101 109755 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2020.109755 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.109755 .

Z Y HE , C Y WANG , J W ZHAO , 等 . Blue and white solution-processed TADF-OLEDs with over 20% EQE, low driving voltages and moderate efficiency decrease based on interfacial exciplex hosts . Journal of Materials Chemistry C , 2019 . 7 ( 38 ): 11806 - 11812 . DOI: 10.1039/C9TC03468D http://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC03468D .

K SU , J LI , C GE , 等 . Stackable luminescent device integrating blue light emitting diode with red organic light emitting diode . Chinese Physics B , 2020 . 29 ( 4 ): 048504 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ab77ff http://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab77ff .

A SALEHI , X Y FU , D H SHIN , 等 . Recent advances in OLED optical design . Advanced Functional Materials , 2019 . 29 ( 15 ): 1808803 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201808803 http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201808803 .

I VERBOVEN , W DEFERME . Printing of flexible light emitting devices: a review on different technologies and devices, printing technologies and state-of-the-art applications and future prospects . Progress in Materials Science , 2021 . 118 100760 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100760 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100760 .

J H LEE , C H CHEN , P H LEE , 等 . Blue organic light-emitting diodes: current status, challenges, and future outlook . Journal of Materials Chemistry C , 2019 . 7 ( 20 ): 5874 - 5888 . DOI: 10.1039/C9TC00204A http://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC00204A .

KI H C, KIM S H, KIM D G, et al . Printing method for organic light emitting device lighting[C]// Proceedings of SPIE 8622, Organic Photonic Materials and Devices ⅩⅤ. San Francisco: IEEE, 2013: 86221J.

S J SHIN , T H PARK , J H CHOI , 等 . Improvement of light out-coupling in organic light-emitting diodes by printed nanosized random texture layer . Organic Electronics , 2013 . 14 ( 1 ): 187 - 192 . DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.10.009 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2012.10.009 .

Y TAO , J LI , K LI , 等 . Inkjet-printed Ag grid combined with Ag nanowires to form a transparent hybrid electrode for organic electronics . Organic Electronics , 2017 . 41 179 - 185 . DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.10.046 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.10.046 .

Z SHU , E BECKERT , R EBERHARDT , 等 . ITO-free, inkjet-printed transparent organic light-emitting diodes with a single inkjet-printed Al: ZnO: PEI interlayer for sensing applications . Journal of Materials Chemistry C , 2017 . 5 ( 44 ): 11590 - 11597 . DOI: 10.1039/C7TC04084A http://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC04084A .

W Y MU , T LIN , Y X HU , 等 . Double layer printed high performance OLED based on PEDOT: PSS/Ir(bt) 2 acac: CDBP . AIP Advances , 2018 . 8 ( 11 ): 115112 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053133 http://doi.org/10.1063/1.5053133 .

J H YU , K H CHO , K T KANG , 等 . Fabrication of auxiliary electrodes using Ag inkjet printing for OLED lighting . SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers , 2018 . 49 ( 1 ): 843 - 846 . DOI: 10.1002/sdtp.12252 http://doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.12252 .

J H XIONG , S T WU . Planar liquid crystal polarization optics for augmented reality and virtual reality: from fundamentals to applications . eLight , 2021 . 1 3 DOI: 10.1186/s43593-021-00003-x http://doi.org/10.1186/s43593-021-00003-x .

Y G HUANG , E L HSIANG , M Y DENG , 等 . Mini-LED, Micro-LED and OLED displays: present status and future perspectives . Light: Science & Applications , 2020 . 9 ( 1 ): 105 http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/gkxyyy-e202004010 http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/gkxyyy-e202004010 .

Views

103

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

Nan-hong Chen

Jun-long Chen

Mu-yun Li

Jin-yao Zhong

Yue-xin Yang

Xiao Fu

Ri-hui Yao

Hong-long Ning

Related Institution

State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices， Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices， South China University of Technology

AI问答

Address：No.3888 Dong Nanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, China 130033 Postal code：130033
Tel：0431-86176059 Email：yjxs@ciomp.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 吉ICP备11002662号-17 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰