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1.西安科技大学 机械工程学院, 陕西 西安 710054
2.陕西交通职业技术学院, 陕西 西安 710018
张传伟,男,博士,教授,2006年于西安交通大学获得博士学位,主要从事机电系统智能控制和智能网联汽车方面的研究。E-mail:zhangcw@xust.edu.cn
尚召斌,男,硕士研究生,2024年于陕西理工大学获得学士学位,主要从事目标检测和图像处理方面的研究。E-mail: 2360601882@qq.com
收稿:2026-07-06,
修回:2026-08-17,
纸质出版:2026-09-05
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张传伟, 尚召斌, 张佳乐, 等. 面向复杂道路场景的轻量化路面异物检测算法[J]. 液晶与显示, 2026,41(9):1297-1314.
ZHANG Chuanwei, SHANG Zhaobin, ZHANG Jiale, et al. Lightweight detection of foreign objects on road surfaces in challenging driving environments[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(9): 1297-1314.
张传伟, 尚召斌, 张佳乐, 等. 面向复杂道路场景的轻量化路面异物检测算法[J]. 液晶与显示, 2026,41(9):1297-1314. DOI: 10.3724/CJLCD.2026-0129. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0129.
ZHANG Chuanwei, SHANG Zhaobin, ZHANG Jiale, et al. Lightweight detection of foreign objects on road surfaces in challenging driving environments[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(9): 1297-1314. DOI: 10.3724/CJLCD.2026-0129. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0129.
针对车载前视复杂道路场景中部分路面异物成像尺度较小、边缘特征弱及背景干扰强的问题,提出基于YOLO11n的轻量化路面异物检测算法YOLO11-MSDF。设计小波频率解耦下采样(WFD-Down)模块,以高低频解耦保留边缘与纹理细节;构建方向空间感知金字塔快速池化(DSA-SPPF)模块,利用条形池化抑制结构化背景干扰;引入形态自适应C3(MAK-C3)模块,通过自适应采样增强不规则边界特征;设计层级非对称动态融合(HADF)模块,实现浅层细节与深层语义融合。实验结果表明,模型参数量为2.9M、计算量为7.5 GFLOPs,精确率(Precision)、召回率(Recall)和mAP@0.5分别为85.8%、73.9%和83.7%,较YOLO11n算法提高7.1、2.0和4.0个百分点,检测速度为90.5 FPS;外部数据集上3项指标分别提高5.2、1.3和1.9个百分点。合成雾和运动模糊实验表明,模型在多数退化场景下优于基线模型;车辆运行约束分析说明了实际车载应用的主要影响因素。
To address the issues of small apparent size, weak edge features, and strong background interference of some road-surface foreign objects in complex road scenes captured by forward-facing vehicle-mounted cameras, a lightweight YOLO11n-based detection algorithm, YOLO11-MSDF, is proposed. The WFD-Down module decouples high- and low-frequency features to preserve edge and texture details. The DSA-SPPF module employs strip pooling to suppress structured background interference. The MAK-C3 module introduces adaptive sampling to enhance irregular-boundary features. The HADF module fuses shallow-layer details with deep-layer semantic information. Experimental results show that the model contains 2.9 million parameters and requires 7.5 GFLOPs, achieving a precision of 85.8%, a recall of 73.9%, and an mAP@0.5 of 83.7%, which are 7.1, 2.0, and 4.0 percentage points higher than those of YOLO11n, respectively. The detection speed reaches 90.5 FPS on the experimental platform. On an external dataset, the three metrics improve by 5.2, 1.3, and 1.9 percentage points, respectively. Experiments under synthetic fog and motion blur show that the proposed model outperforms the baseline under most degraded conditions, while the analysis of vehicle operating constraints identifies the main factors affecting practical vehicle-mounted applications.
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