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1.北方民族大学 数学与信息科学学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
2.宁夏智能信息与大数据处理重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750021
申晓茹,女,硕士研究生,2024年于商洛学院获得学士学位,主要从事红外弱小目标检测方面的研究。E-mail: shenxr0125@163.com
常 霞,女,博士,副教授,2010年于西安电子科技大学获得博士学位,主要从事图像处理、智能信息处理算法的研究。E-mail: changxia0104@163.com
收稿:2026-05-21,
修回:2026-06-18,
纸质出版:2026-07-06
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申晓茹, 常霞, 张群. 基于新型Top-hat和小波变换的红外弱小目标检测[J]. 液晶与显示, 2026,41(7):1009-1022.
SHEN Xiaoru, CHANG Xia, ZHANG Qun. Infrared dim small target detection based on new Top-hat and wavelet transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(7): 1009-1022.
申晓茹, 常霞, 张群. 基于新型Top-hat和小波变换的红外弱小目标检测[J]. 液晶与显示, 2026,41(7):1009-1022. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0092. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0092.
SHEN Xiaoru, CHANG Xia, ZHANG Qun. Infrared dim small target detection based on new Top-hat and wavelet transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(7): 1009-1022. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0092. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0092.
针对红外弱小目标图像中存在的目标信号强度低、尺寸小、易受噪声干扰以及背景杂波复杂等问题,本文提出了一种结合新型形态学Top-hat算子与小波变换的红外弱小目标检测方法。首先,利用改进的形态学滤波对红外图像进行初步背景抑制,以减少云层、地物起伏及局部强杂波对目标检测的干扰。其次,对预处理后的图像进行小波分解,并对低频分量使用局部梯度与局部强度算法进行背景抑制和目标增强,同时将3个高频分量进行累加,进一步增强目标点的特征信息。将增强后的高频信息与低频信息进行融合,实现多尺度、多频域联合增强。最后,通过自适应门限阈值分割方法提取红外弱小目标。实验结果表明,所提方法在信杂比增益(SCRG)上达到最优,在背景抑制系数(BSF)上仅次于PTCTV算法,整体性能优于其他对比方法。其中,在Seq6上SCRG和BSF分别为14.16和82.49。在ROC曲线中,本文方法在Seq3、Seq5和Seq6的性能均超过95%,充分验证了该算法在复杂场景下能够有效抑制背景和噪声,具有较强的稳定性和鲁棒性。
According to the characteristics of infrared dim small target image, such as low signal strength, small size, susceptible to noise interference and complex background clutter, this paper proposes a new infrared dim and small target detection method based on the combination of a new morphological Top-hat operator and wavelet transform. Firstly, the improved morphological filtering was used to suppress the background of the infrared image, so as to reduce the interference of clouds, ground cover fluctuation and local strong clutter on target detection. Secondly, the preprocessed image was decomposed by wavelet, and the low frequency component was used for background suppression and target enhancement by using the Local Gradient and Local Intensity algorithm. At the same time, the three high frequency components were accumulated to further enhance the feature information of the target point. Finally, the infrared dim and small target was extracted by adaptive threshold segmentation method. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the optimal Signal-to-Clutter Ratio Gain(SCRG), second only to the PTCTV algorithm in the Background Suppression Factor(BSF), and the overall performance is better than other comparison methods. Among them, SCRG and BSF on Seq6 are 14.16 and 82.49, respectively. In the ROC curve, the detection rate of the proposed method in Seq3, Seq5 and Seq6 is more than 95%, which fully verifies that the algorithm can effectively suppress background and noise in complex scenes, and has strong stability and robustness.
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