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1.四川轻化工大学 自动化与信息工程学院, 四川 宜宾 644000
2.智能感知与控制四川省重点实验室, 四川 宜宾 644000
雷德伟,男,硕士研究生,2024年于四川轻化工大学获得学士学位,主要从事目标检测和图像处理方面的研究。E-mail:1837913313@qq.com
林国军,男,博士,副教授,2014年于电子科技大学获得博士学位,主要从事人脸识别、图像处理和计算机视觉方面的研究。E-mail:tiemujian123400@163.com
收稿:2026-03-27,
修回:2026-04-12,
纸质出版:2026-05-05
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雷德伟, 林国军, 马润, 等. 基于改进YOLOv11n的绝缘子缺陷检测[J]. 液晶与显示, 2026,41(5):687-699.
LEI Dewei, LIN Guojun, MA Run, et al. Insulator defect detection based on improved YOLOv11n[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(5): 687-699.
雷德伟, 林国军, 马润, 等. 基于改进YOLOv11n的绝缘子缺陷检测[J]. 液晶与显示, 2026,41(5):687-699. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0053. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0053.
LEI Dewei, LIN Guojun, MA Run, et al. Insulator defect detection based on improved YOLOv11n[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(5): 687-699. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0053. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0053.
针对电力系统巡检中绝缘子缺陷尺寸微小、特征微弱且易受复杂背景干扰导致的检测精度不足问题,提出一种改进的YOLOv11n目标检测模型。该模型在骨干与颈部网络融入3项优化策略提升缺陷检测性能:引入C3k2_DFF模块,通过自适应通道注意力与跨尺度动态加权融合实现高效特征融合;设计C3k2_LS模块,利用大卷积核注意力路径增强全局上下文感知;采用ConverseUp上采样算子替代传统方式,基于可学习反卷积主动重建高分辨率细节,减少信息损失。在真实绝缘子缺陷数据集上,改进模型相较YOLOv11n基线模型,破损类平均精度(AP)提升3.2%,闪污类AP提升1.1%,mAP提升1.5%,精确率提升5.7%,召回率稳定,同时保持对绝缘子目标的高检测精度,有效增强了缺陷识别能力,为电力巡检自动化提供了更可靠的技术支撑。
To address the problem of insufficient detection accuracy in power system inspection due to the small size, weak characteristics, and susceptibility to complex background interference of insulator defects, an improved YOLOv11n object detection model is proposed. The model integrates three key optimization strategies into its backbone and neck networks to comprehensively enhance defect detection performance. The C3k2_DFF module is introduced, which achieves efficient dynamic feature fusion through an adaptive channel attention mechanism and cross-scale feature dynamic weighted fusion strategy. The C3k2_LS module is designed to augment global context information perception via a large-kernel attention pathway. The ConverseUp upsampling operator is developed and incorporated to replace conventional upsampling methods; based on a learnable deconvolution mechanism, it actively reconstructs high-resolution detail information during feature map scaling transformations, thereby mitigating information loss. Experimental results on a real-world insulator defect dataset demonstrate that the improved model significantly outperforms the original YOLOv11n baseline in critical defect categories, with the broken class Average Precision(AP) improving by 3.2%, the flashover contamination class AP by 1.1%, the overall mean Average Precision(mAP) by 1.5%, and Precision by 5.7%, while Recall remains stable. The model also maintains high detection accuracy for “insulator” targets, validating that the proposed improvements enhance defect recognition capability without compromising fundamental detection performance. This enhancement strategy effectively strengthens the model’s ability to identify insulator defects, providing more reliable technical support for automated power line inspection.
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