

浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
1.重庆三峡学院 电子与信息工程学院, 重庆 404100
2.重庆三峡学院 计算机科学与工程学院, 重庆 404100
Received:06 March 2026,
Revised:2026-03-16,
Published:05 April 2026
移动端阅览
WANG Wenkun, XIE Hui, JIANG Wujin, et al. Lightweight citrus maturity detection algorithm with hybrid attention fusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(4): 549-564.
WANG Wenkun, XIE Hui, JIANG Wujin, et al. Lightweight citrus maturity detection algorithm with hybrid attention fusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2026, 41(4): 549-564. DOI: 10.37188/CJLCD.2026-0039. CSTR: 32172.14.CJLCD.2026-0039.
针对自然环境下果树柑橘检测中面临的成熟度区分困难、枝叶与果实遮挡严重、模型复杂度高及资源部署受限等挑战,本文提出了一种基于改进YOLOv11的轻量化树上柑橘成熟度检测算法YOLO-HiP。首先,采用改进的HGNetv2-L网络作为主干网络,并结合分层特征提取策略,显著提升了模型在复杂场景中的解析能力,同时有效降低了计算复杂度和资源消耗。其次,设计了轻量化混合注意力模块C2PSA_iRMB,通过融合C2PSA机制与iRMB模块,优化了计算开销,并增强了长距离信息的处理能力,提升了模块的灵活性与计算效率。最后,构建了C3k2_PConv模块,通过减少冗余计算和内存访问,进一步提高了空间特征提取的效率。实验结果表明,YOLO-HiP在mAP
50
上达到了94.3%,较原模型提升了4.7%;参数量仅为5.1M(减少45.7%);计算量降至13.9 GFLOPs(降低34.7%);帧率提升至227.4帧/s(提高25.1%)。该模型在保证检测精度的同时,显著压缩了模型规模,为柑橘采摘机器人等嵌入式系统计算资源有限的平台提供了创新且可行的解决方案。
To address the challenges faced in citrus detection on fruit trees in natural environments, such as difficulty in distinguishing fruit maturity, severe occlusion from branches and leaves, high model complexity, and resource deployment limitations, this paper proposes a lightweight citrus maturity detection algorithm for fruit trees, YOLO-HiP, based on an improved YOLOv11. First, an improved HGNetv2-L network is used as the backbone, combined with a hierarchical feature extraction strategy, significantly enhancing the model’s capability to analyze complex scenes while effectively reducing computational complexity and resource consumption. Next, a lightweight hybrid attention module, C2PSA_iRMB, is designed. By integrating the C2PSA mechanism with the iRMB module, the computational cost is optimized, and the ability to process long-range information is enhanced, improving the module’s flexibility and computational efficiency. Finally, a C3k2_PConv module is constructed, further improving spatial feature extraction efficiency by reducing redundant computations and memory access. Experimental results show that YOLO-HiP achieves 94.3% mAP50, an improvement of 4.7% over the original model, with only 5.1M parameters (a 45.7% reduction), a computational load of 13.9 GFLOPs (a 34.7% reduction), and a frame rate of 227.4 FPS (a 25.1% increase). This model significantly reduces model size while ensuring detection accuracy, providing an innovative and feasible solution for platforms with limited computational resources, such as citrus-picking robots and other embedded systems.
李玉萍 , 叶露 , 梁伟红 , 等 . 我国柑橘类“一村一品”发展现状及对策研究 [J]. 中国南方果树 , 2025 , 54 ( 5 ): 205 - 210,217 .
LI Y P , YE L , LIANG W H , et al . Research on the current situation and countermeasures of ‘One Village, One Product’ for citrus in China [J]. South China Fruits , 2025 , 54 ( 5 ): 205 - 210, 217 . (in Chinese)
李泽慧 , 张琳 , 山显英 , 等 . 基于多尺度时序建模与动态空间特征融合的视频摘要模型 [J]. 液晶与显示 , 2025 , 40 ( 11 ): 1729 - 1743 . doi: 10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0189 http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0189
LI Z H , ZHANG L , SHAN X Y , et al . Video summarization model based on multi-scale temporal modeling and dynamic spatial feature fusion [J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays , 2025 , 40 ( 11 ): 1729 - 1743 . (in Chinese) . doi: 10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0189 http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0189
LI L L , SHUANG Y , MA Q , et al . Intelligent metasurface imager and recognizer [J]. Light: Science & Applications , 2019 , 8 ( 1 ): 97 . doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0209-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0209-z
JI C , ZHANG J , YUAN T , et al . Research on key technology of truss tomato harvesting robot in greenhouse [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials , 2013 , 442 : 480 - 486 . doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.480 http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.480
JALALI B , MACPHEE C . VEViD: vision enhancement via virtual diffraction and coherent detection [J]. eLight , 2022 , 2 ( 1 ): 24 . doi: 10.1186/s43593-022-00034-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43593-022-00034-y
王伯霄 , 宋延嵩 , 董小娜 . 难点注意力感知红外小目标检测网络 [J]. 中国光学(中英文) , 2024 , 17 ( 3 ): 538 - 547 . doi: 10.37188/co.2023-0178 http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/co.2023-0178
WANG B X , SONG Y S , DONG X N . Indistinguishable points attention-aware network for infrared small object detection [J]. Chinese Optics , 2024 , 17 ( 3 ): 538 - 547 . (in Chinese) . doi: 10.37188/co.2023-0178 http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/co.2023-0178
BOCHKOVSKIY A , WANG C Y , LIAO H Y M . YOLOv4: optimal speed and accuracy of object detection [J/OL]. arXiv , 2020 : 2004 . 10934 . doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2004.10934 http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2004.10934
MAI X C , ZHANG H , JIA X , et al . Faster R-CNN with classifier fusion for automatic detection of small fruits [J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering , 2020 , 17 ( 3 ): 1555 - 1569 .
朱旭 , 马淏 , 姬江涛 , 等 . 基于Faster R-CNN的蓝莓冠层果实检测识别分析 [J]. 南方农业学报 , 2020 , 51 ( 6 ): 1493 - 1501 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2020.06.032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2020.06.032
ZHU X , MA H , JI J T , et al . Detecting and identifying blueberry canopy fruits based on Faster R-CNN [J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture , 2020 , 51 ( 6 ): 1493 - 1501 . (in Chinese) . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2020.06.032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2020.06.032
杨彦萍 , 高军伟 , 刘兆龙 , 等 . 基于改进YOLO11的印刷电路板表面缺陷检测算法 [J]. 液晶与显示 , 2025 , 40 ( 10 ): 1545 - 1556 . doi: 10.37188/cjlcd.2025-0137 http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjlcd.2025-0137
YANG Y P , GAO J W , LIU Z L , et al . Surface defect detection on printed circuit boards based on improved YOLO11 [J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays , 2025 , 40 ( 10 ): 1545 - 1556 . (in Chinese) . doi: 10.37188/cjlcd.2025-0137 http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjlcd.2025-0137
山宏刚 , 倪奕麟 , 蔡建刚 , 等 . FFD-YOLO:面向小目标与复杂背景的液晶屏缺陷检测 [J]. 液晶与显示 , 2026 , 41 ( 2 ): 208 - 221 .
SHAN H G , NI Y L , CAI J G , et al . FFD-YOLO: LCD screen defect detection for small targets and complex backgrounds [J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays , 2026 , 41 ( 2 ): 208 - 221 . (in Chinese)
吕石磊 , 卢思华 , 李震 , 等 . 基于改进YOLOv3-LITE轻量级神经网络的柑橘识别方法 [J]. 农业工程学报 , 2019 , 35 ( 17 ): 205 - 214 .
LÜ S L , LU S H , LI Z , et al . Orange recognition method using improved YOLOv3-LITE lightweight neural network [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 2019 , 35 ( 17 ): 205 - 214 . (in Chinese)
ZHENG Z H , XIONG J T , LIN H , et al . A method of green citrus detection in natural environments using a deep convolutional neural network [J]. Frontiers in Plant Science , 2021 , 12 : 705737 .
LYU S , LI R Y , ZHAO Y W , et al . Green citrus detection and counting in orchards based on YOLOv5-CS and AI edge system [J]. Sensors , 2022 , 22 ( 2 ): 576 . doi: 10.3390/s22020576 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020576
李莹 , 刘梦莲 , 何自芬 , 等 . 基于改进YOLOv8s的柑橘果实成熟度检测 [J]. 农业工程学报 , 2024 , 40 ( 24 ): 157 - 164 . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202407206 http://dx.doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202407206
LI Y , LIU M L , HE Z F , et al . Detecting citrus fruit maturity using improved YOLOv8s [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 2024 , 40 ( 24 ): 157 - 164 . (in Chinese) . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202407206 http://dx.doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202407206
LAWAL O M , ZHU S Y , CHENG K . An improved YOLOv5s model using feature concatenation with attention mechanism for real-time fruit detection and counting [J]. Frontiers in Plant Science , 2023 , 14 : 1153505 . doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1153505
高新阳 , 魏晟 , 温志庆 , 等 . 改进YOLOv5轻量级网络的柑橘检测方法 [J]. 计算机工程与应用 , 2023 , 59 ( 11 ): 212 - 221 .
GAO X Y , WEI S , WEN Z Q , et al . Citrus detection method based on improved YOLOv5 lightweight network [J]. Computer Engineering and Applications , 2023 , 59 ( 11 ): 212 - 221 . (in Chinese)
杨如强 , 赵霞 , 张鑫 . 基于改进YOLOv11模型的柑橘叶片病害检测 [J]. 江苏农业学报 , 2026 , 42 ( 1 ): 99 - 109 .
YANG R Q , ZHAO X , ZHANG X . An improved YOLOv11 model for citrus leaf disease detection [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 2026 , 42 ( 1 ): 99 - 109 . (in Chinese)
胡江波 , 陈婷婷 , 黄子涛 , 等 . 基于改进YOLOv11的柑橘成熟度检测方法 [J]. 大众科技 , 2025 , 27 ( 6 ): 9 - 13 .
HU J B , CHEN T T , HUANG Z T , et al . Citrus maturity detection method based on an improved YOLOv11 [J]. Popular Science & Technology , 2025 , 27 ( 6 ): 9 - 13 . (in Chinese)
罗一鸣 , 达列雄 , 张鹏超 , 等 . 基于改进YOLOv11n的复杂环境下柑橘识别 [J]. 农业工程学报 , 2026 , 42 ( 3 ): 253 - 262 . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202509003 http://dx.doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202509003
LUO Y M , DA L X , ZHANG P C , et al . Recognizing citrus in complex environments using improved YOLOv11n [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 2026 , 42 ( 3 ): 253 - 262 . (in Chinese) . doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202509003 http://dx.doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202509003
KHANAM R , HUSSAIN M . YOLOv11: an overview of the key architectural enhancements [J/OL]. arXiv , 2024 : 2410 . 17725 . doi: 10.3390/solar5010006 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar5010006
ZHAO Y A , LV W Y , XU S L , et al . DETRs beat YOLOs on real-time object detection [C]// Proceedings of 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . Seattle : IEEE , 2024 : 16965 - 16974 . doi: 10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01605 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01605
ZHANG J N , LI X T , LI J , et al . Rethinking mobile block for efficient attention-based models [C]// Proceedings of 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision . Paris : IEEE , 2023 : 1389 - 1400 . doi: 10.1109/iccv51070.2023.00134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv51070.2023.00134
CHEN J R , KAO S H , HE H , et al . Run, don’t walk: chasing higher FLOPS for faster neural networks [C]// Proceedings of 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . Vancouver : IEEE , 2023 : 12021 - 12031 . doi: 10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01157
JAMES J A , MANCHING H K , MATTIA M R , et al . CitDet: a benchmark dataset for citrus fruit detection [J]. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters , 2024 , 9 ( 12 ): 10788 - 10795 . doi: 10.1109/lra.2024.3474473 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2024.3474473
中华人民共和国农业部 . NY/T 716-2003 柑橘采摘技术规范 [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2004 .
Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC . NY/T 716-2003 Technical specification for citrus harvesting [S]. Beijing : Standards Press of China , 2004 . (in Chinese)
REN S Q , HE K M , GIRSHICK R , et al . Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 2017 , 39 ( 6 ): 1137 - 1149 . doi: 10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031
LV W , ZHA O Y , CHA N G Q , et al . Rt-detrv2: Improved baseline with bag-of-freebies for real-time detection transformer [J]. arXiv , 2024 : 2407 .17140.
TIAN Y J , YE Q X , DOERMANN D . YOLOv12: attention-centric real-time object detectors [J/OL]. arXiv , 2025 : 2502 . 12524 .
黄蕊 , 李贤辉 , 杨彦鑫 , 等 . 基于FEAConv-YOLO v5的柑橘果实目标检测与识别研究 [J]. 江苏农业科学 , 2025 , 53 ( 5 ): 54 - 61 .
HUANG R , LI X H , YANG Y X , et al . Study on target detection and recognition of citrus fruit based on FEAConv-YOLO v5 [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences , 2025 , 53 ( 5 ): 54 - 61 . (in Chinese)
LIAO Y , LI L R , XIAO H Q , et al . YOLO-MECD: citrus detection algorithm based on YOLOv11 [J]. Agronomy , 2025 , 15 ( 3 ): 687 . doi: 10.3390/agronomy15030687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030687
0
Views
438
下载量
1
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010802024621