{"defaultlang":"zh","titlegroup":{"articletitle":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"text","data":"基于手性和光控取向操控的液晶自组装微结构"}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Self-assembled microstructures of liquid crystals based on chirality and photoalignment control"}]}]},"contribgroup":{"author":[{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"尹","givenname":"恒","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"YIN","givenname":"Heng","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":["first-author"],"bio":[{"lang":"zh","text":["尹恒(1995-), 男, 广东肇庆人, 硕士研究生, 2017年于华北电力大学(保定)获得学士学位, 主要从事液晶光栅器件的制备和研究。E-mail:yinheng95@163.com"],"graphic":[],"data":[[{"name":"bold","data":[{"name":"text","data":"尹恒"}]},{"name":"text","data":"(1995-), 男, 广东肇庆人, 硕士研究生, 2017年于华北电力大学(保定)获得学士学位, 主要从事液晶光栅器件的制备和研究。E-mail:"},{"name":"text","data":"yinheng95@163.com"}]]}],"email":"yinheng95@163.com","deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"徐","givenname":"鸣亚","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"XU","givenname":"Ming-ya","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"项","givenname":"颖","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"XIANG","givenname":"Ying","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":["corresp"],"corresp":[{"rid":"cor1","lang":"zh","text":"项颖, E-mail:xiangy@gdut.edu.cn","data":[{"name":"text","data":"项颖, E-mail:xiangy@gdut.edu.cn"}]}],"bio":[{"lang":"zh","text":["项颖(1968-), 男, 湖北荆州人, 博士, 教授, 2000年于中山大学获博士学位, 主要从事液晶流体自组装结构和光学非线性效应的研究。E-mail:xiangy@gdut.edu.cn"],"graphic":[],"data":[[{"name":"bold","data":[{"name":"text","data":"项颖"}]},{"name":"text","data":"(1968-), 男, 湖北荆州人, 博士, 教授, 2000年于中山大学获博士学位, 主要从事液晶流体自组装结构和光学非线性效应的研究。E-mail:"},{"name":"text","data":"xiangy@gdut.edu.cn"}]]}],"email":"xiangy@gdut.edu.cn","deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"孙","givenname":"皖豫","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"SUN","givenname":"Wan-yu","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff1","text":"1"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"王","givenname":"艳卿","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"WANG","givenname":"Yan-qing","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff2","text":"2"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"钟","givenname":"晓环","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"ZHONG","givenname":"Xiao-huan","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff3","text":"3"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"曹","givenname":"兵","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"CAO","givenname":"Bing","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff3","text":"3"}],"role":[],"deceased":false},{"name":[{"lang":"zh","surname":"雷","givenname":"仁庆","namestyle":"eastern","prefix":""},{"lang":"en","surname":"LEI","givenname":"Ren-qing","namestyle":"western","prefix":""}],"stringName":[],"aff":[{"rid":"aff3","text":"3"}],"role":[],"deceased":false}],"aff":[{"id":"aff1","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"1","text":"广东工业大学 信息工程学院, 广东 广州 510006","data":[{"name":"text","data":"广东工业大学 信息工程学院, 广东 广州 510006"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"1","text":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, China"}]}]},{"id":"aff2","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"2","text":"精电(河源)显示技术有限公司, 广东 河源 517000","data":[{"name":"text","data":"精电(河源)显示技术有限公司, 广东 河源 517000"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"2","text":"Varitronix(Heyuan) Display Technology Co., Ltd., Heyuan 517000, China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Varitronix(Heyuan) Display Technology Co., Ltd., Heyuan 517000, China"}]}]},{"id":"aff3","intro":[{"lang":"zh","label":"3","text":"博罗康佳精密科技有限公司, 广东 惠州 516000","data":[{"name":"text","data":"博罗康佳精密科技有限公司, 广东 惠州 516000"}]},{"lang":"en","label":"3","text":"Boluo Konka Precision Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516000, China","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Boluo Konka Precision Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516000, China"}]}]}]},"abstracts":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"通过使用光控取向技术和多种成分的手性液晶，观察到了液晶系统在外电场激发下的微观周期结构。这种周期结构的形貌强烈依赖于表面取向结构、手性掺杂浓度以及驱动电场属性。特别是随着掺杂手性浓度的增加，微结构的周期方向发生大幅度的改变。本文的工作是对传统的非手性液晶光控领域的一个扩展，可望实现光场、电场和浓度场等多重调节的液晶光栅，其周期取向能够大角度调节。这种可调光栅有望在图像处理、光开关、光束调制等其他光通信领域发挥重要的作用。"}]}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"By using the photoalignment technique and the chiral liquid crystal with various components, the micro periodic structure of the liquid crystal system excited by the external electric field is observed. The morphology of the periodic structure strongly depends on the structure of the surface orientation, the concentration of the chiral doping and the properties of the driving electric field. Especially, with the increase of doping concentration, the periodic direction of microstructure changes greatly. The work of this paper is an extension of the traditional optical control field of the achiral liquid crystal. It is expected to realize the multiple adjustment of the light field, electric field and concentration field of the liquid crystal grating, and its periodic orientation can be adjusted at a large angle. The tunable grating is expected to play an important role in image processing, optical switch, beam modulation and other optical communication fields."}]}]}],"keyword":[{"lang":"zh","data":[[{"name":"text","data":"液晶"}],[{"name":"text","data":"光栅"}],[{"name":"text","data":"光控取向"}],[{"name":"text","data":"手性"}],[{"name":"text","data":"阈值电压"}]]},{"lang":"en","data":[[{"name":"text","data":"liquid crystal"}],[{"name":"text","data":"gratings"}],[{"name":"text","data":"photoalignment"}],[{"name":"text","data":"chiral"}],[{"name":"text","data":"threshold voltage"}]]}],"highlights":[],"body":[{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"引言"}],"level":"1","id":"s1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"液晶作为一种兼备晶体和液体两方面性质的功能材料"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"1","type":"bibr","rid":"b1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"2","type":"bibr","rid":"b2","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]}}],"rid":["b1","b2"],"text":"1-2","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，不仅在显示领域有广泛应用，在非显示领域也具有很大的价值。其中液晶光栅因其独特的光学特性，在光开关、光束调制和衍射光学等领域具有广阔的应用前景"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"3","type":"bibr","rid":"b3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"5","type":"bibr","rid":"b5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"5"}]}}],"rid":["b3","b4","b5"],"text":"3-5","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"液晶分子的排列主要由基板表面的取向层决定，传统的表面取向方法为摩擦取向法(Maugin在1911年发明)。摩擦取向有着相当可靠的取向效果，但由于物理摩擦方式的诸多限制，摩擦取向逐渐被非接触式的取向方法替代，其中光控取向法因其独特的优势成为了主流"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"6","type":"bibr","rid":"b6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。近年来，不少基于光控取向技术的非显示应用被开发出来，例如液晶偏振光栅、液晶菲涅尔透镜、退偏器、太赫兹波片等，其中主要的取向材料为SD1"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"7","type":"bibr","rid":"b7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"7"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"10","type":"bibr","rid":"b10","data":[{"name":"text","data":"10"}]}}],"rid":["b7","b8","b9","b10"],"text":"7-10","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。2001年，West等人首先讨论了另一种偶氮染料亮黄(Brilliant yellow，BY)在聚乙烯醇膜(PVA)上的光取向性。2006年，Yaroshchuk等人发现在经过特殊处理和溶剂优化后，BY可以直接在ITO玻璃上形成高光稳定性和热稳定性的光取向层，并且对不同种类的液晶都有极好的取向效果"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"11","type":"bibr","rid":"b11","data":[{"name":"text","data":"11"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"12","type":"bibr","rid":"b12","data":[{"name":"text","data":"12"}]}}],"rid":["b11","b12"],"text":"11-12","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本文通过一种基于偶氮材料BY和全息法曝光的单面光控取向技术，利用液晶掺杂不同浓度手性剂的自组装特性"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"13","type":"bibr","rid":"b13","data":[{"name":"text","data":"13"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"14","type":"bibr","rid":"b14","data":[{"name":"text","data":"14"}]}}],"rid":["b13","b14"],"text":"13-14","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，制备了相位液晶光栅。采用偏光显微镜对液晶系统在外电场激发下的微周期结构的形貌和性质进行了观察分析"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"15","type":"bibr","rid":"b15","data":[{"name":"text","data":"15"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"实验"}],"level":"1","id":"s2"}},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2.1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"光路搭建"}],"level":"2","id":"s2-1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"实验使用典型的全息偏振光栅光路"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"16","type":"bibr","rid":"b16","data":[{"name":"text","data":"16"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"作为曝光的光路，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 1","type":"fig","rid":"Figure1","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 1"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。以457 nm固体激光器作为线偏振光源，激光经过扩束器(BE)扩束，得到直径约5 mm的激光光束，以确保曝光区域得到均匀照射。扩束后的光束经过第一个457 nm波长的1/4波片，得到圆偏振光。然后光束被偏振分光棱镜分束，得到两束偏振方向正交的线偏振光。最后通过分别调节后端两个457 nm波长的1/4波片，使得两束光束变成相互正交的圆偏振光(一束为左旋，另一束为右旋)。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure1","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"全息偏振光栅曝光光路图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 1"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Exposure light path of holographic polarization grating"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905137&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905137&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905137&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"实验中的光束均通过THORLABS公司生产的偏振测量仪PAX1000VIS进行测量，以确保两束光为严格圆偏振光且相互正交。照射到样品处的光强总和为0.75 mW/mm"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，两束光的光强近似相等。理论证明，即使在非等光强正交圆偏振光情况下，制备的液晶光栅依然具有良好的光学特性"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"17","type":"bibr","rid":"b17","data":[{"name":"text","data":"17"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。另外，根据光的干涉公式："}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"1"}],"data":[{"name":"text","data":" "},{"name":"text","data":"  "},{"name":"math","data":{"graphicsData":{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905142&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905142&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905142&type=middle"}}}],"id":"yjyxs-35-9-885-E1"}}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"通过调节两束光在空间上的夹角"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"θ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，可以得到由两束正交圆偏振光干涉形成的相位光栅，相位变化的周期为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Λ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。本实验中，为了观测到液晶光栅条纹内部的微周期结构，我们将"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"Λ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"固定为50 μm，同时，我们定义相位光栅的波矢方向"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，以便于描述。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2.2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"材料准备"}],"level":"2","id":"s2-2"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本实验用于制备光取向层的偶氮染料BY的光控取向机理有别于光致顺反异构机理，而是近紫外-蓝色的偏振光对光化学反应稳定的分子层进行了再取向"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"blockXref","data":{"data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"18","type":"bibr","rid":"b18","data":[{"name":"text","data":"18"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"-"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"19","type":"bibr","rid":"b19","data":[{"name":"text","data":"19"}]}}],"rid":["b18","b19"],"text":"18-19","type":"bibr"}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。可用偶氮染料再取向扩散模型(Diffusion model)来解释这一现象，当一束线偏振光照射在偶氮染料分子上，吸收几率与cos"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}]},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"δ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"成正比("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"δ"}]},{"name":"text","data":"是偶氮分子的吸收振子与光的偏振方向的夹角)。当偶氮分子的吸收振子与光的偏振方向平行时，发色团的能量得到增加，导致它们偏离初始位置再取向。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"实验采用的液晶与手性剂混合物为棒状液晶1008"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"20","type":"bibr","rid":"b20","data":[{"name":"text","data":"20"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"以及手性剂S811，两者分别按照手性剂质量分数0%，0.35%，0.75%，1%，1.5%均匀混合。其中1008液晶相变温度为：固态-53 ℃-向列相-77 ℃-各向同性。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2.3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"样品制备"}],"level":"2","id":"s2-3"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"将一面含有BY膜的氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃基板，另一面为含有PVA膜并沿面摩擦取向的ITO玻璃基板相互拼接制成约8 μm厚的空液晶盒，液晶盒厚由间隔子控制。利用全息偏振光栅光路对液晶盒含有BY膜的一侧进行曝光，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 2","type":"fig","rid":"Figure2","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 2"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure2","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"液晶相位光栅原理性结构图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 2"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Schematic structure of liquid crystal phase grating"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905147&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905147&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905147&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"我们定义PVA基板的摩擦方向为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，分别以"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"平行于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向和"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向对若干液晶盒曝光，得到相位周期为50 μm的光控取向液晶盒。在超净室将不同手性浓度掺杂的1008液晶灌入液晶盒内，完成实验用液晶光栅样品的制备。"}]}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"实验观测与分析"}],"level":"1","id":"s3"}},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"3.1"}],"title":[{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"平行"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的自组装结构"}],"level":"2","id":"s3-1"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"将制备好的液晶光栅样品放在热台上，先升温至各向同性，再降温至"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":"="},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"c"}]},{"name":"text","data":"－17 ℃。样品连同热台一起放于正交的偏光显微镜(POM)下进行观察"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"21","type":"bibr","rid":"b21","data":[{"name":"text","data":"21"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"通过引线连接样品导电面与功率放大器的输出端，对液晶光栅进行电场调控。液晶盒按照"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向平行的配置进行曝光后，灌入不同浓度手性掺杂的液晶，液晶分子会在沿面摩擦的PVA层和光控取向的BY层的双重取向作用下自组装排列形成液晶光栅。通过POM观察到液晶光栅及电场驱动内部微周期形貌如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，其中"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"没有电压驱动，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=50 Hz的交流电驱动到阈值，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(c)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(c)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=500 Hz的交流电驱动到阈值。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure3","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"正交POM下"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"平行于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的微周期结构。"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Microperiodic structure of "},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":" parallel to"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":" under crossed POM."}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"(a)无电场驱动；(b)低频AC("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=50 Hz)驱动；(c)高频AC("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=500 Hz)驱动。序号1至5的手性掺杂浓度分别为0%，0.35%，0.75%，1.0%，1.5%。图像尺寸为250 μm×250 μm，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=60 ℃。"}]}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"(a) No electric field driving; (b) Low frequency AC ("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":" = 50 Hz) driving; (c) High frequency AC ("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":" = 500 Hz) driving. The chiral doping concentration of No.1 to No.5 are 0%, 0.35%, 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively. All snapshots size are 250 μm×250 μm, "},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":" = 60 ℃."}]}]}],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905152&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905152&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905152&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"由"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"可以观察到，在没有电场驱动的情况下，所有浓度手性掺杂的1008液晶均自组装形成了同方向且等周期的液晶相位光栅，光栅条纹方向为竖直方向(垂直于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":")，光栅周期大小为50 μm。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"在系统螺距"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"text","data":"固定的情况下，盒厚大小关系到电场驱动条纹的周期大小，为了进一步观察曝光光栅内部电场驱动周期微结构形貌，需要一个周期比盒厚大几倍的曝光周期。实验证明，我们选取的50 μm曝光周期是合理的。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"可以观察到，在低浓度甚至不掺杂手性剂时，电场驱动液晶分子的排列主要依赖于表面取向，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中的排列方式随着全息相位光栅曝光呈现周期性变化。随着手性掺杂浓度的增大，电场驱动的周期微结构方向逐渐沿顺时针方向变化，条纹方向与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"夹角"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"text","data":"逐渐变大，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"text","data":"由"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"C"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"S811"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0.35%时的50°变化到"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"C"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"S811"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=1.5%的216°，变化角度达到了166°。"}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(c)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(c)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为相对高频电场驱动下的微周期结构形貌，可以观察到随着电压频率的增大，自组装结构的周期明显变小。同时，电场驱动的阈值电压也明显增大，微周期结构的方向呈现与低频50 Hz驱动时相似的分布。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"3.2"}],"title":[{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的自组装结构"}],"level":"2","id":"s3-2"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"液晶盒如果按照PVA基板摩擦方向"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向垂直的状态进行曝光后，将手性掺杂液晶灌入液晶盒同样会形成液晶光栅。通过POM观察到液晶光栅形貌如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。其中"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"没有电场驱动，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=50 Hz的交流电驱动到阈值，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4(c)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4(c)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=500 Hz的交流电驱动到阈值。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure4","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"正交POM下"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的微周期结构。"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Microperiodic structure of "},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":" perpendicular to "},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":" under crossed POM."}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[{"lang":"zh","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"(a)无电场驱动；(b)低频AC("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=50 Hz)驱动；(c)高频AC("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=500 Hz)驱动。序号1至5的手性掺杂浓度分别为0%，0.35%，0.75%，1.0%，1.5%。图像尺寸为250 μm×250 μm，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=60 ℃。"}]}]},{"lang":"en","data":[{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"(a) No electric field driving; (b) Low frequency AC ("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":" = 50 Hz) driving; (c) High frequency AC ("},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":" = 500 Hz) driving. The chiral doping concentration of No.1 to No.5 are 0%, 0.35%, 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively. All snapshot sizes are 250 μm×250 μm, "},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":" = 60 ℃."}]}]}],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905157&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905157&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905157&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"由"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"可以看到，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"曝光形成的光栅有着与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"平行"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"曝光时截然不同的性质。在没有电场驱动的情况下，各手性浓度液晶依旧自组装形成了50 μm周期的液晶光栅，但方向为水平方向(垂直于波矢"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":")。而且，在"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中，电场驱动的周期微结构方向随着手性掺杂浓度的增大，沿着逆时针旋转。方向与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"夹角"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"β"}]},{"name":"text","data":"大小变化如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 5","type":"fig","rid":"Figure5","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 5"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示，由"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"C"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"S811"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0.35%时的75°变化到"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"C"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"S811"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=1.5%时的174°，变化角度达到了99°。"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 4(c)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure4","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 4(c)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中微结构方向呈现与低频50 Hz类似的分布，但周期随着频率的加大而减小，电场驱动阈值也随之增加。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure5","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图5"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"电场驱动周期微结构方向与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"夹角变化曲线"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 5"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Angle curve between the direction of electric field driven periodic microstructure and "},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905162&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905162&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905162&type=middle"}]}}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"3.3"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"高压驱动下的结构转变"}],"level":"2","id":"s3-3"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"通过POM我们还发现，在满足驱动电压频率"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"大于150 Hz的前提下，不论是"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"平行"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"还是"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"曝光取向的相位光栅，当驱动电压较大时，内部周期微结构都会转变形成第二类周期微结构，如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"中单个图像尺寸为250 μm×250 μm，驱动电压为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"f"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=300 Hz的交流电，电压有效值"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"U"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=28.5 V，温度"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"T"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=60 ℃，手性剂掺杂浓度为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"C"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"S811"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0.75%，其中"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6(a)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6(a)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"平行"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure6","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图6"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"第二类宽周期微结构"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 6"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"The second type of wide period microstructure"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905167&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905167&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905167&type=middle"}]}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"我们定义第二类周期微结构的阈值电压为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"U"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"th2"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，其变化曲线如"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 7","type":"fig","rid":"Figure7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 7"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"所示。通过"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 6","type":"fig","rid":"Figure6","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 6"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"和"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 7","type":"fig","rid":"Figure7","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 7"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"可以观察到，第二类周期微结构不仅电场驱动的阈值电压比第一类微结构要高，其微结构的周期也比第一类要大很多，但条纹方向与第一类条纹大致一样，其成因和机理有待更多的研究。"}]},{"name":"fig","data":{"id":"Figure7","caption":[{"lang":"zh","label":[{"name":"text","data":"图7"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"阈值电压变化曲线图"}]},{"lang":"en","label":[{"name":"text","data":"Fig 7"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"Change curve of threshold voltage"}]}],"subcaption":[],"note":[],"graphics":[{"print":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905174&type=","small":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905174&type=small","big":"http://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=20905174&type=middle"}]}}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"4"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"结果分析"}],"level":"1","id":"s4"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"我们观察到微观周期结构的取向随着液晶手性的变化而改变，手性越强，取向改变越大。实际上，周期结构的取向往往由液晶层的中间分子层的排列方向而定"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"22","type":"bibr","rid":"b22","data":[{"name":"text","data":"22"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"。因此，随着手性浓度的变化，液晶系统具有不同的螺距"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"text","data":"："}]},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"dispformula","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"2"}],"data":[{"name":"text","data":" 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0.35%，0.75%，1.0%，1.5%时，对应的螺距"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"P"}]},{"name":"text","data":"大约分别是∞，28.6，13.3，10，6.7/μm。如果以"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"C"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"S811"}]},{"name":"text","data":"=0%的情况为参考，设取向角为"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"("},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"1)，则上述手性掺杂诱导的中间层排列角度大约是"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"text","data":"="},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"+49°，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"+105°，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"+140°，"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"α"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"+210°，与"},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"图 3(b)","type":"fig","rid":"Figure3","data":[{"name":"text","data":"图 3(b)"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"2、3、4、5大致符合。至于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"垂直"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"的情况，其内部机理更加复杂，主要是由于"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"K"}]},{"name":"text","data":"与"},{"name":"italic","data":[{"name":"text","data":"n"}]},{"name":"sub","data":[{"name":"text","data":"0"}]},{"name":"text","data":"方向不一致。总的来说，由于液晶中间层的分子排列会随着液晶手性、弹性系数、盒厚、光控取向方向、周期大小和表面锚定能变化，因此诱导出多种的微结构，值得深入研究。对此，我们的工作还刚刚开始。"}]}]},{"name":"sec","data":[{"name":"sectitle","data":{"label":[{"name":"text","data":"5"}],"title":[{"name":"text","data":"结论"}],"level":"1","id":"s5"}},{"name":"p","data":[{"name":"text","data":"本文通过光控取向技术和多种成分的手性液晶，观察到了液晶系统在外电场激发下的微观周期结构。这种周期结构的形貌强烈依赖于表面取向的结构、手性掺杂的浓度以及驱动电场的属性。偏光显微镜的观察结构表明，在0.35%手性掺杂和1.5%手性掺杂的区间内，微结构的周期方向分别实现了顺时针166°和逆时针99°的变化。本文的工作是对传统的非手性液晶光控领域的一个扩展，可望实现光场、电场和浓度场等多重调节的液晶光栅"},{"name":"sup","data":[{"name":"text","data":"["},{"name":"xref","data":{"text":"23","type":"bibr","rid":"b23","data":[{"name":"text","data":"23"}]}},{"name":"text","data":"]"}]},{"name":"text","data":"，其周期取向能够大角度调节。这种可调光栅有望在图像处理、光开关、光束调制等其他光通信领域发挥重要的作用。"}]}]}],"footnote":[],"reflist":{"title":[{"name":"text","data":"参考文献"}],"data":[{"id":"b1","label":"1","citation":[{"lang":"zh","text":[{"name":"text","data":" 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